Disk I/O on a VPS: IOPS, Latency and Filesystem Tuning
How to measure IOPS and latency on virtualised solid-state storage, then tune the filesystem and block scheduler to match your access pattern.
Hardware & Performance9 min read
NetBay journal
Guides for operators
Practical guides for Linux, containers, CI/CD, self-hosting, and running VPS infrastructure from Netbay Engineering.
499 articles · 24 topics
AllLinuxLinux AdministrationWindowsLinux SecurityLinux NetworkingContainersContainers & OrchestrationKubernetesCI/CDGitHubSelf-HostingBackups & DataDatabasesApp DeploymentDNS & TLSObservabilityEmailAI AgentsAI InfrastructureAPI & AutomationProxiesCloud ArchitectureHardware & PerformanceDevOps Practices
X-Forwarded-For and Proxy Header Hygiene
Stop spoofed X-Forwarded-For and doubled forwarding headers from corrupting your logs, rate limits, and trust decisions at the proxy.
Proxies6 min read
Move PostgreSQL Off the OS Disk onto Its Volume
Stop the cluster, rsync the data directory onto a dedicated High-Speed SSD volume, and point PostgreSQL 16 at that new data location safely.
Databases8 min read
Node Health Checks That Fail Fast When Wedged
Expose a cheap health endpoint, let systemd watchdog the event loop, and fail the unit before a wedged Node process sits silent in production.
App Deployment8 min read
Minimal Postfix and Dovecot for One Domain
A single-domain Postfix plus Dovecot inbox is small and honest: IMAP for you, DNS auth in place, and no claim that Gmail will accept your outbound.
Email9 min read
Agent Architecture: Local 7B Plus API Fallback
Put nginx, a tool-gated agent, a loopback 7B, Redis, and a cheap remote API on one Lucknow VPS so private prompts stay local and hard tasks can escalate.
AI Infrastructure9 min read
Scaling HTTP Application ,roxies on Proxmox VE Infrastructure
Deep dive into automated fw_cfg parameter injection and QEMU guest agent orchestration for zero-downtime application rebuilds.
Cloud Architecture6 min read
Symlinks and Hardlinks: What They Solve and When to Use Them
Learn the difference between symbolic and hard links, what they cost, and when each is the right tool.
Linux5 min read
Curing Image Bloat With Scratch and Distroless Base Images
Shrink container images with multi-stage builds, the empty scratch base, and distroless runtimes — smaller pulls, fewer CVEs, faster starts.
Containers & Orchestration7 min read
A Practical First Automation Project, End to End
Build a complete first automation project: inventory, an idempotent playbook, a dry-run, a real apply, and a scheduled re-converge.
API & Automation8 min read
SQLite Multi-Process Writes: Queue, One Writer, or Postgres
Serialize SQLite writes with a queue or a single writer process, and graduate to Postgres when several processes must commit at once on a VPS.
Databases8 min read
Diagnose Certificate Errors: Chain, Clock, Name Mismatch
Diagnose HTTPS errors by chain, clock skew, and name mismatch using openssl and browser clues before you reissue a certificate that already works.
DNS & TLS8 min read